Kasaya clothing

Kāṣāya, also known as cīvara, are traditional Buddhist robes worn by fully ordained monks and nuns. Originating in ancient India during the time of Gautama Buddha, these robes were made from discarded fabric stitched into three pieces: the antarvāsa (inner lower garment), uttarāsaṅga (upper body covering), and saṃghāti (outer cloak). These robes served as a symbol of renunciation and simplicity.

In Indian Buddhism, different schools used various colors to distinguish themselves. Tibetan Buddhism followed the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, using red robes with specific symbols. The Mahāsāṃghika sect also had distinct symbols on their robes.

In Chinese Buddhism, the term jiasha was adopted for a one-piece patchwork robe worn over another long robe. Initially red, the color later varied by region rather than school. Japanese Buddhism adapted this tradition as kesa, a rectangular garment worn over a long robe with a belt. Historically covering both shoulders, modern practice often exposes one shoulder to show reverence.

Overall, Kāṣāya robes symbolize the Buddhist monastic life across cultures, adapting styles and practices while maintaining their core significance.