Entablature

An entablature is the superstructure of moldings and bands above columns, resting on their capitals, and is a key element of classical architecture. It consists of three main parts: the architrave (the supporting member above the column), the frieze (an unmolded strip that may be ornamented), and the cornice (the projecting member below the pediment). The design of the entablature originated from wooden structures transitioning to stone, a process known as petrification. Its structure varies according to the orders of architecture, with proportions defined by the column's dimensions. In Roman and Renaissance interpretations, it is typically about a quarter of the column's height.

In the Doric order, the architrave is divided into guttae, regulae, and taenia. The frieze features triglyphs (vertically channelled tablets) separated by metopes, while the cornice includes the soffit, corona, and cymatium, with mutules decorating its underside. The Ionic order adds fascia (flat horizontal protrusions) to the architrave and dentils (tooth-like moldings) under the cornice. The Corinthian order has a more ornate cornice, divided into cyma reversa, dentils, ovolo, modillions (ornate brackets), fascia, and cyma recta. The frieze is sometimes omitted in Corinthian entablatures.

Outside classical architecture, the entablature is often used to complete the upper portion of walls without columns, sometimes profiled around pilasters or detached columns. Its use without columns became more common after the Renaissance.