Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a prominent region within South Asia, characterized by its distinct geographical features and rich cultural diversity. Bounded by the Himalayas to the north and surrounded by the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal, it has historically been a crossroads for various cultures and religions. Geopolitically, the subcontinent typically includes countries such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and sometimes the Maldives. With a population exceeding 1.912 billion, it is the most populous region globally, showcasing a mosaic of languages, religions, and social practices. This diversity is reflected in its societal fabric, with significant Muslim populations in peripheral areas like Bangladesh and Pakistan, while the heartland, including much of India and Nepal, is predominantly Hindu or Buddhist. The subcontinent's natural boundaries have played a crucial role in shaping its history, facilitating the spread of Buddhism and influencing Islamic expansion through both land and maritime routes.