Synchiropus phaeton

The Phaeton dragonet (*Synchiropus phaeton*), also known as the Phaeton fish, is a species of bony fish belonging to the family Callionymidae. It is found in the Mediterranean Sea and parts of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from Portugal to Gabon, as well as along the coasts of Israel.

This small fish exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males being larger than females. Males can reach up to 14 cm in length, while females typically range between 6–10 cm, though some individuals may exceed these sizes. The species is characterized by large protruding eyes and a distinct spiny structure on the gill cover (preopercular spine). Its body coloration varies from orange or red dorsally to yellow or olive patches on the sides, with the belly ranging from pinkish to silvery. The dorsal fin features a black blotch between the third and fourth spine, while the anal fin has a black streak or margin.

The Phaeton dragonet is a benthic deep-water species, inhabiting depths of 80–650 meters on muddy and sandy bottoms. It feeds primarily on small invertebrates such as worms, snails, and crustaceans. Males are territorial and exhibit aggressive behavior toward other males. The species reproduces seasonally in the Mediterranean between June and September, with eggs and larvae developing in open waters.

While this fish is occasionally caught as bycatch in octopus and bottom trawl fisheries, it is not considered a major threat to its populations. The species is listed as "least concern" due to its abundant population and lack of significant threats.